Matumba apulasitiki ndizofunikira tsiku lililonse zomwe zitha kuwoneka paliponse m'miyoyo yathu, ndiye ndani adapanga pulasitiki?Kumeneku kunali kuyesa kwa wojambula m'chipinda chamdima chomwe chinayambitsa kupanga pulasitiki yoyambirira.
Alexander Parks ali ndi zokonda zambiri, kujambula ndi chimodzi mwa izo.M’zaka za m’ma 1800, anthu sakanatha kugula mafilimu ndi mankhwala opangidwa kale monga mmene amachitira masiku ano, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankafunika kudzipangira okha zimene amafunikira.Chifukwa chake wojambula aliyense ayeneranso kukhala katswiri wamankhwala.Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula ndi "collagen", yomwe ndi yankho la "nitrocellulose", mwachitsanzo, yankho la nitrocellulose mu mowa ndi ether.Pa nthawiyo ankagwiritsa ntchito kumata mankhwala otha kumva kuwala pagalasi kuti apange filimu yamasiku ano yojambula zithunzi.M'zaka za m'ma 1850, Parks adayang'ana njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira ndi collodion.Tsiku lina adayesa kusakaniza collodion ndi camphor.Chodabwitsa chake, kusakanizako kunapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chopindika, cholimba.Parks amatchedwa chinthu "Paxine," ndipo imeneyo inali pulasitiki yoyamba.Mapaki adapanga zinthu zamitundu yonse kuchokera ku "Paxine": zisa, zolembera, mabatani ndi zolemba zamtengo wapatali.Parks, komabe, sanali wokonda bizinesi kwambiri ndipo adataya ndalama pazochita zake zamabizinesi.
M’zaka za m’ma 1900, anthu anayamba kupeza njira zatsopano zopangira mapulasitiki.Pafupifupi chilichonse m’nyumba chingapangidwe ndi pulasitiki.Zinasiyidwa kwa opanga ena kuti apitirize kupanga ndi kupindula ndi ntchito za Parks.John Wesley Hayat, wosindikiza mabuku wa ku New York, anaona mwayi umenewu mu 1868, pamene kampani yopanga mabiliyoni inadandaula chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa minyanga ya njovu.Hayat adakonza njira yopangira ndikupatsa "Pakxin" dzina latsopano - "celluloid".Anapeza msika wokonzeka kuchokera kwa opanga mabiliyoni, ndipo sipanapite nthawi yaitali kuti ayambe kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku pulasitiki.Mapulasitiki oyambirira ankawotcha moto, zomwe zinkachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zingapangidwe kuchokera pamenepo.Pulasitiki yoyamba yolimbana bwino ndi kutentha kwakukulu inali "Berkelet".Leo Backlund adalandira chilolezocho mu 1909. Mu 1909, Baekeland ku United States adapanga mapulasitiki a phenolic kwa nthawi yoyamba.
M’zaka za m’ma 1930, nayiloni inayambikanso, ndipo inkatchedwa “chingwe chopangidwa ndi malasha, mpweya ndi madzi, chochepa thupi kuposa silika wa kangaude, champhamvu kuposa chitsulo, komanso choposa silika”.Maonekedwe awo anayala maziko a kutulukira ndi kupanga mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana pambuyo pake.Chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mafakitale a petrochemical mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, zopangira mapulasitiki zidalowa m'malo mwa malasha, ndipo makampani opanga mapulasitiki adakulanso mwachangu.Pulasitiki ndi chinthu chopepuka kwambiri chomwe chimatha kufewetsedwa pochiwotcha pamoto wochepa kwambiri, ndipo chimatha kupanga chilichonse chomwe mungafune.Zopangira pulasitiki zimakhala zowala, zopepuka, sizimawopa kugwa, zandalama komanso zolimba.Kubwera kwake sikungobweretsa zabwino zambiri m'miyoyo ya anthu, komanso kumalimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha mafakitale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-11-2022