Mbiri ya zinthu zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki
Zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zikaphatikizidwa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zophatikizika.Kugwiritsa ntchito koyamba kwa zida zophatikizika kudayamba m'ma 1500 BC, pomwe anthu aku Egypt ndi Mesopotamiya adasakaniza matope ndi udzu kuti apange nyumba zolimba komanso zolimba.Udzu ukupitilizabe kulimbikitsa zinthu zakale zopangidwa ndi mbiya ndi zombo.
Pambuyo pake, mu 1200 AD, a Mongol anapanga uta woyamba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa, mafupa ndi "guluu wa nyama", uta umakulungidwa mu khungwa la birch.Mauta awa ndi amphamvu komanso olondola.Bowa la ku Mongolia linathandiza kuti Genghis Khan azilamulira asilikali.
Kubadwa kwa "Plastic Era"
Asayansi atapanga mapulasitiki, nyengo yamakono ya zinthu zophatikizika inayamba.Izi zisanachitike, utomoni wachilengedwe wochokera ku zomera ndi nyama ndiwo unkapanga zomatira ndi zomatira.Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20, mapulasitiki monga vinyl, polystyrene, phenolic ndi polyester anapangidwa.Zida zatsopano zopangira izi ndizopambana kuposa utomoni umodzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe.
Komabe, pulasitiki yokhayo siyingapereke mphamvu zokwanira pazinthu zina zamapangidwe.Kulimbitsa kumafunika kuti mupereke mphamvu zowonjezera komanso kukhazikika.
Mu 1935, Owens Corning (Owens Corning) adayambitsa galasi loyamba la galasi, galasi.Kuphatikiza kwa magalasi opangidwa ndi magalasi ndi polima pulasitiki kumapanga dongosolo lolimba kwambiri lomwe limakhalanso lopepuka.
Ichi ndi chiyambi cha mafakitale a fiber reinforced polymer (FRP).
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse-Kulimbikitsa zatsopano muzinthu zophatikizika
Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwazinthu zophatikizika ndizomwe zimafuna nthawi yankhondo.Monga momwe akumongolia adapangira mauta apawiri, Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse idabweretsa makampani a FRP kuchokera ku labotale kupita kukupanga kwenikweni.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndege zankhondo mopepuka kumafunikira zida zina.Akatswiri amazindikira mwamsanga ubwino wina wa zipangizo zophatikizika, kuphatikizapo zopepuka komanso zamphamvu.Mwachitsanzo, zidapezeka kuti magalasi opangidwa ndi magalasi anali owonekera pamawayilesi, ndipo zinthuzo posakhalitsa zinali zoyenera kubisala zida zamagetsi zamagetsi (Radomes).
Kusintha kuzinthu zophatikizika: "space Age" mpaka "tsiku lililonse"
Kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, makampani ang'onoang'ono a niche composites anali atayamba kale.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu zankhondo, ochepa opanga zinthu zophatikizika tsopano akugwira ntchito kuti abweretse zida zophatikizika m'misika ina.Sitimayo ndi chinthu chodziwikiratu chomwe chimapindula.Chipinda choyamba chamalonda chamagulu chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1946.
Panthawiyi, Brandt Goldsworthy nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "agogo a ma composite" ndipo adapanga njira zambiri zopangira zinthu zatsopano, kuphatikizapo bolodi loyamba la fiberglass, lomwe linasintha masewerawa.
Goldsworthy adapanganso njira yopanga yotchedwa pultrusion, yomwe imalola kuti zinthu zodalirika komanso zolimba zamagalasi zowonjezeredwa.Masiku ano, zinthu zopangidwa kuchokera kunjira imeneyi ndi monga makwerero, zogwirira ntchito, mapaipi, mivi, zida zankhondo, pansi pa sitima, ndi zida zamankhwala.
Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa zinthu zophatikizika
Makampani opanga zinthu zophatikizika adayamba kukhwima m'ma 1970.Pangani utomoni wabwino wa pulasitiki ndi ulusi wolimbitsa bwino.Anapanga mtundu wa ulusi wa aramid wotchedwa Kevlar, womwe wakhala woyamba kusankha zida zankhondo chifukwa champhamvu zake zolimba, kachulukidwe kwambiri komanso kulemera kwake.Mpweya wa carbon unapangidwanso panthawiyi;ikuchulukirachulukira m'malo mwa zigawo zomwe zidapangidwa kale ndi chitsulo.
Makampani opanga ma kompositi akukulabe, ndipo kukula kwakukulu kumatengera mphamvu zowonjezera.Ma turbine amphepo, makamaka, amapitilira kukankhira zopinga zazikulu ndipo amafuna zida zapamwamba zophatikizika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-21-2021