Zinsinsi za mitengo ina nthawi zambiri zimapanga utomoni.Kale mu 1872, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Germany A. Bayer anapeza koyamba kuti phenol ndi formaldehyde zimatha kupanga mwamsanga zotupa zofiira-bulauni kapena zinthu zomata zikatenthedwa ndi acidic, koma sizingayeretsedwe ndi njira zakale.ndi kusiya kuyesa.Pambuyo pa zaka za m'ma 1900, phenol ikhoza kupezedwa mochuluka kuchokera ku phula la malasha, ndipo formaldehyde imapangidwanso mochuluka ngati chosungira, kotero kuti zinthu ziwirizi zimakhala zokongola kwambiri, ndipo zikuyembekezeka kupanga zinthu zothandiza, ngakhale zambiri. anthu agwiritsa ntchito zambiri chifukwa cha izo., koma sanakwaniritse zotsatira zomwe ankayembekezera.
Mu 1904, Beckland ndi omuthandizira ake adachitanso kafukufukuyu.Cholinga choyambirira chinali kupanga utoto wotsekera m'malo mwa utomoni wachilengedwe.Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu zogwira ntchito mwakhama, m'chilimwe cha 1907, osati utoto wotsekemera wokha, komanso kupanga zinthu zenizeni zapulasitiki - Bakelite, zomwe zimatchedwa "bakelite", "bakelite" kapena phenolic resin.Bakelite atatuluka, opanga posakhalitsa adapeza kuti sangangopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi opaka magetsi, komanso kupanga zofunikira zatsiku ndi tsiku.Ndimakonda T. Edison popanga zolemba, ndipo posakhalitsa analengeza mu malonda kuti zikwi zazinthu zapangidwa ndi Bakelite., Chotero kupangidwa kwa Baekeland kunayamikiridwa kukhala “alchemy” ya zaka za zana la 20.
Isanafike 1940, phenolic utomoni ndi malasha phula monga tinthu choyambirira nthawi zonse pachikhalidwe choyamba mu linanena bungwe la utomoni zosiyanasiyana kupanga, kufika matani oposa 200,000 pachaka, koma kuyambira pamenepo, ndi chitukuko cha makampani petrochemical, polymerized kupanga utomoni monga polyethylene The Kutulutsa kwa , polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride ndi polystyrene kukupitilizabe kukula.Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mafakitale akuluakulu ambiri omwe amatulutsa matani opitilira 100,000 pachaka azinthu izi, akhala mitundu inayi ya utomoni wopangidwa ndi zotulutsa zazikulu kwambiri masiku ano.
Masiku ano, utomoni wopangira ndi zowonjezera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zinthu zapulasitiki kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zomangira.Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapulasitiki, ndipo chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi ndi matani pafupifupi 120 miliyoni.Iwo akhala zipangizo zofunika kupanga, moyo ndi chitetezo dziko kumanga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-12-2022