Tanthauzo la pulasitiki mu chemistry (I)

Nthawi zambiri timaphunzira za mapulasitiki malinga ndi maonekedwe, mtundu, kupsinjika, kukula, ndi zina zotero, nanga bwanji za pulasitiki kuchokera kumaganizo a mankhwala?

Synthetic resin ndiye chigawo chachikulu cha pulasitiki, ndipo zomwe zili mu pulasitiki nthawi zambiri zimakhala 40% mpaka 100%.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso momwe ma resin omwe nthawi zambiri amapangira mapulasitiki, anthu nthawi zambiri amawona kuti ma resin amafanana ndi mapulasitiki.
Pulasitiki ndi gulu la polima lomwe limapangidwa ndi monomer ngati zopangira ndipo limapangidwa polima powonjezera kapena polycondensation reaction.Kukaniza kwake kwa deformation ndikokwanira, pakati pa fiber ndi rabara.Amapangidwa ndi zowonjezera monga othandizira ndi ma pigment.

Tanthauzo ndi Mapangidwe a Pulasitiki: Pulasitiki ndi polima iliyonse yopangidwa kapena yopangidwa ndi semi-synthetic organic.Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pulasitiki nthawi zonse imakhala ndi carbon ndi haidrojeni, ngakhale kuti zinthu zina zingakhalepo.Ngakhale mapulasitiki amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku polima organic, mapulasitiki ambiri am'mafakitale amapangidwa kuchokera ku petrochemicals.Thermoplastics ndi thermoset polima ndi mitundu iwiri ya mapulasitiki.Dzina lakuti "pulasitiki" limatanthawuza pulasitiki, kuthekera kopunduka popanda kusweka.Ma polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki amakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse osakanizidwa ndi zowonjezera, kuphatikiza ma colorants, plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and reinforcing agents.Zowonjezera izi zimakhudza kapangidwe kake, mankhwala ndi makina apulasitiki, komanso mtengo wake.
Thermosets ndi Thermoplastics: Ma polima a Thermoset, omwe amadziwikanso kuti thermosets, amachiritsa kukhala mawonekedwe okhazikika.Iwo ndi amorphous ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi kulemera kosalekeza kwa mamolekyu.Komano, thermoplastics imatha kutenthedwa ndikusinthidwa mobwerezabwereza.Ma thermoplastics ena ndi amorphous, pomwe ena amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a crystalline pang'ono.Thermoplastics nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zolemera zamamolekyu pakati pa 20,000 ndi 500,000 AMU.